18.5.1 Using Peak-Performance Primitives

This section describes how to draw geometry with optimal primitives. Consider these guidelines to optimize drawing:

• Use connected primitives (line strips, triangle strips, triangle fans, and quad strips).

  Connected primitives are desirable because they reduce the amount of data both stored and transferred, and the amount of per-polygon or per-line work done by the OpenGL. Be sure to put as many vertices as possible in a glBegin()/ glEnd() sequence to amortize the cost of a glBegin() and glEnd().

• Avoid using glBeginGL_ POLYGON(GL_ POLYGON).

  When rendering independent triangles, use glBeginGL_ TRIANGLES(GL_ TRIANGLES) instead of glBeginGL_ POLYGON(GL_ POLYGON). Also, when rendering independent quadrilaterals, use glBeginGL_ QUADS(GL_ QUADS).

• Batch primitives between glBegin() and glEnd().

  Use a single call to glBeginGL_ TRIANGLES(GL_ TRIANGLES) to draw multiple independent triangles rather than calling glBeginGL_ TRIANGLES(GL_ TRIANGLES) multiple times. Also, use a single call to glBeginGL_ QUADS(GL_ QUADS) to draw multiple independent quadrilaterals, and a single call to glBeginGL_ LINES(GL_ LINES) to draw multiple independent line segments.

• Use ``well-behaved'' polygons-convex and planar, with only three or four vertices.

  Concave and self-intersecting polygons must be tessellated by the GLU library before they can be drawn, and are therefore prohibitively expensive. Nonplanar polygons and polygons with large numbers of vertices are more likely to exhibit shading artifacts.

  If your database has polygons that are not well-behaved, perform an initial one-time pass over the database to transform the troublemakers into well- behaved polygons and use the new database for rendering. You can store the results in OpenGL display lists. Using connected primitives results in additional gains.

• Minimize the data sent per vertex.

  Polygon rates can be affected directly by the number of normals or colors sent per polygon. Setting a color or normal per vertex, regardless of the glShadeModel() used, may be slower than setting only a color per polygon, because of the time spent sending the extra data and resetting the current color. The number of normals and colors per polygon also directly affects the size of a display list containing the object.

• Group like primitives and minimize state changes to reduce pipeline revalidation.

• Keep primitive data consistent.

  Try to send the same type of data for each vertex of a primitive. In other words, if the first vertex has an associated color or normal, the primitive can often be more efficiently processed if all the following vertices also have a color or normal.

• For wireframe objects, GL_ LINES, GL_ LINE_STRIP and GL_ LINE_LOOP are likely to be significantly faster than drawing polygons as lines using glPolygonModeGL_ FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_ LINE(GL_ FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_ LINE). First, the lines only are drawn once rather than twice. Second, lines representing the polygon edges of a closed object can easily be turned into long polylines which take up less space and are drawn more efficiently than individual lines.